At a Glance

A chunky dark seabird, related to the puffins, common at times off the northern Pacific Coast. Often unsuspicious, and boats may approach it rather closely on the water. If pressed, it dives and swims powerfully underwater. Although its takeoff appears clumsy and laborious, it is a fast flier, and may fly long distances to feeding areas daily. The 'horn' on the bill, responsible for the bird's name, grows annually in early spring and is shed in late summer.
Category
Auks, Murres, Puffins, Upright-perching Water Birds
Conservation
Low Concern
Habitat
Coasts and Shorelines, Open Ocean
Region
Alaska and The North, California, Northwest, Western Canada
Behavior
Direct Flight, Rapid Wingbeats
Population
1.500.000

Range & Identification

Migration & Range Maps

More strongly migratory than most western auks. Although summer and winter ranges overlap widely, mostly vacates northern part of breeding range in winter, and large numbers move into California waters then.

Description

14 1/2-15 1/2" (37-39 cm). Yellow bill, two white face stripes (less apparent in winter). Horn on bill is worn only in spring and summer. Winter birds look fairly plain dark gray, known by big-headed look, bill shape and color. Tufted Puffins in winter can be very similar but have thicker bills and larger, rounder heads. Cassin's Auklet is much smaller.
Size
About the size of a Crow, About the size of a Mallard or Herring Gull
Color
Black, Gray, Orange, White, Yellow
Wing Shape
Narrow, Pointed, Tapered
Tail Shape
Short

Songs and Calls

Low growling notes.
Call Pattern
Flat, Simple
Call Type
Odd

Habitat

Ocean, tide-rips; nests in burrows on islands. Often far from land, but may feed close to shore, especially where tidal currents near islands cause upwellings or concentrations of food. In winter flocks may spend night on coastal bays, flying farther out to sea to forage by day. Nests on islands, in burrows in soil under grass, shrubs, trees.

Behavior

Eggs

one. White, usually spotted with brown and gray. Incubation is by both sexes, 39-52 days, average 45 days.

Young

both parents feed young, carrying fish in bill to nest. Young leaves nest about 7-8 weeks after hatching.

Feeding Behavior

Forages while swimming underwater. Can remain submerged for up to 2 minutes. May tend to forage closer to shore than puffins.

Diet

Fish, crustaceans. Food brought to nestlings is mostly small fish, particularly sand lance, herring, and anchovy, also rockfish, smelt, saury, and others. Favors fish that gathers in dense schools. Diet of adults probably similar. Also eats crustaceans.

Nesting

Breeds in colonies, mostly on islands. Generally active around colonies only in evening and at night, although at some colonies the adults visit by day as well. Courtship displays include members of pair nibbling at each other's bills. Advertise ownership of nest site by standing upright, with wings partly opened, pointing bill up and hissing. Nest site is in burrow in ground, typically on slight slope covered with grass, shrubs, trees, sometimes in steep slope or cliff. Burrow up to 20' long, usually 5-10', with one or more side branches. Nest is in chamber in burrow, a shallow cup of moss, twigs.

Climate Vulnerability

Conservation Status

Not as abundant as some Arctic auks, but still fairly numerous. On Farallon Islands, California, where the species ceased to breed for almost a century, it re-established itself in the 1970s after introduced rabbits were eliminated (rabbits may have competed for burrows).

Climate Map

Audubon’s scientists have used 140 million bird observations and sophisticated climate models to project how climate change will affect the range of the Rhinoceros Auklet. Learn even more in our Audubon’s Survival By Degrees project.

Climate Threats Facing the Rhinoceros Auklet

Choose a temperature scenario below to see which threats will affect this species as warming increases. The same climate change-driven threats that put birds at risk will affect other wildlife and people, too.